24-004323.pdf
Courser Community Center Inc, Petitioner V Township Of Rolland, Respondent · 24-003423-TT
Text extracted from the reviewed PDF, organized by page. OCR and reading order may contain errors; confirm details in the PDF below.
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RECEIV ED J 03423 5102 (Rev. 04-15) APR 1 8 2025 MICHIGAN TAX TRIBUNAL STATE OF MICHIGAN RICK SNYDER DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY NICK A. KHOURI GOVERNOR LANSING STATE TREASURER Bulletin 26 of 2017 December 12, 2017 MCL 211.70 Charitable Exemption TO: Assessors, Equalization Directors and Interested Parties FROM: State Tax Commission SUBJECT: MCL 211.70 Charitable Exemption This Bulletin provides an overview of the charitable exemption provided in MCL 211.70 and the applicable court cases that need to be considered in determining whether or not a claimant is eligible to receive the exemption. While this Bulletin provides general information related to the charitable exemption, individuals may wish to seek legal counsel if they have questions regarding their specific situation. A. STATUTORY PROVISION AND THREE-PART TEST MCL 211.70 of the General Property Tax Act provides an exemption for “[r]eal or personal property owned and occupied by a nonprofit charitable institution while occupied by that . . . institution solely for the purposes for which that . . . institution was incorporated.” In determining whether a taxpayer is qualified for the exemption, a three-part test is applied: 1. Is the real estate owned and occupied by the exemption claimant? . Is the exemption claimant a nonprofit charitable institution? 3. Is the buildings and other property thereon occupied by the claimant solely for the purposes for which the claimant was incorporated? If all three prongs of the test are met, then a claimant qualifies for a charitable institution exemption. ity of Livonia, 480 Mich 44 (2008)
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Bulletin 26 of 2017 Page 2 MCL 211.70 Charitable Exemption With regard to the third prong, property may be apportioned for purposes of this exemption. In such instances, the exemption is granted only for that portion of the premises used for the purpose for which the claimant was incorporated. See McFarlan Home v City of Flint, 105 Mich App 728 (1981). Apportionment is only permitted in the case of real property and that the apportionment must be based on an allocation that grants the exempt status only to the portion of the premises which is physically occupied “solely” for the exempt charitable purpose. B. WEXFORD FACTORS In Wexford Medical Group v Cadillac, 474 Mich 192; 713 NW2d 734 (2006) the Michigan Supreme Court set forth the following six requirements that must be met for a claimant to be a nonprofit charitable institution: 1. The claimant must be a nonprofit institution; 2. The claimant must be organized chiefly, if not solely for charity; 3. The claimant must not offer its charity on a discriminatory basis by choosing who among the group it purports to serve deserves its services, but rather must serve any person who needs the particular type of charity being offered; 4. The claimant must bring people’s minds or hearts under the influence of education or religion; relieve people’s bodies from disease, suffering, or constraint; assist people to establish themselves for life; erect or maintain public buildings or works; or otherwise lessen the burdens of government; 5. The claimant may charge for its services as long as its charges are not more than what is needed for its successful maintenance; and 6. The claimant need not meet any monetary threshold of charity; rather, if the overall nature of the claimant is charitable, it is a charitable institution. C. BARUCH SUPREME COURT DECISION Wexford factor three was recently defined by the Michigan Supreme Court in Baruch SLS, Inc v Tittabawassee Twp, 500 Mich 345; 901 NW2d 843 (2017). The Supreme Court created a new “reasonable relationship” test to be applied when evaluating factor three; “whether the restrictions or conditions the institution imposes on its charity bear a reasonable relationship to a permissible charitable goal.” The Supreme Court instructed that this “reasonable relationship” test is to be construed “quite broadly to prevent unnecessarily limiting the restrictions a charity may choose to place on its services” noting that other states have employed similar tests. The Supreme Court further advised “the relationship between the institution’s restriction and its charitable goal need not be the most direct or obvious. Any reasonable restriction that is implemented to further a charitable goal that passes factor four is acceptable.” The Supreme Court also stated that the analysis of a
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AY- 00333 Excerpt from Liberty Hill Housing Corp. v. City of Livonia Michigan Supreme Court Further, the Court’s discussion of the “use” of property is not inconsistent with our interpretation of the term “occupy.” It is certainly consistent for a charitable institution to use property on which it maintains a regular physical presence. Use of property is just one part of occupying it. The two terms are not mutually exclusive; “use” is merely narrower than “occupy.” is consistent wi must maintai VI. CONCLUSION property to qualif
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2f-003423 Su Isabella County, Michigan Karen Jackson, Register of Deeds Recorded: 12/06/2021 12:44 PM OR LIBER 1892 PAGE 660 QUIT CLAIM DEED The Grantor, The Rolland I. Coutser Revocable Trust, dated December 10, 2002 by Rolland J. Courser, Trustee, of PO Box 353 Highland, Michigan , quit-claim(s) any and all interest that the grantor may have in the real estate hereafter described to Courser Community Center Inc., of PO Box 93, Blanchard, Michigan the following described premises situated in Township of Rolland, County of Isabella, and State of Michigan: Block 32 Village of Blanchard T13N R6W Rolland Township part of parcel #12- 050-00-250-00 and Block 41 Village of Blanchard T13N R6W Rolland Township part of parcel #12- 050-00-320-00 e conditions must e conditions are as follows: he land shall be used to house a community center (in the common sense of the A. The land shall b ne. B. The land must at all times have a sign visible to the roadside that reads "Courser Community Center” of Blanchard, Michigan. C. The Grantee may not transfer this land. Any transfer of interest shall result in Grantee's interest reverting bick to Grantor: : ¢ followed at all times and in perpetuity. This agreement is itemized as a Contract submitted with this quit-claim deed as Attachment A. This property may be located within the vicinity of farmland or farm operation. Generally accepted agricultural and management practices which may generate noise, dust, odors, and other associated conditions may be used and are protected by the Michigan Right to Farm Act. The Grantor grants to the Grantee the right to make no divisions under Section 108 of the Land Division Act, Act No. 288 of the Public Acts of 1967. CONSIDERATION IS LESS THAN $1.00, THEREFORE DEED IS TAX EXEMPT AS PER
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Dated this wf’ day of August, 2021 [ sine itizsgs To, VIAIO Bio) acon ollhnd STATE OF MICHIGAN) )ss County of Montcalm) yn. The foregoing instruments was acknowledged before me this jo 0 day of August, 2021 by, The Rolland J. Courser Revocable Trust, U/A/D 12. ] 16) 200, by Rolland J. Courser, Trustee. J cod] Le Kw Wotary Public _Monfcatr County, Michigan My commission expires: 6 NEE aay When recorded return to and Drafted by: Rasmussen Law, P.C. Jourdan Rasmussen (P80227) 414 E. Main St., PO Box 380 Edmore, MI 48829 Send subsequent tax bills to: Grantee
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RECEIVED 2022027 T1725 AM ISABELLA REGISTER OF DEEDS RECEIVED: 12/12/2024 10-20 AM ISABELLA REGISTER OF DEEDS 34-003/33 0 rigros Hud aor Conan Michi; SUIT ODER Karen Jackson, ‘Registes of of Deeds Recorded: 12/12/2034 10:55 AM OR LIBER 1909 PAGE 2316 QUIT.CLAIM DEED KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: That Cours? ol munity Center Inc., by and through Tina Murray Whose address is 405 Fourth Street, Blanchard, Michigar [e] onvey(s) and quit claim(s) to Rolland J. Courser Revocablé Whose address is PO Box 353, Highland, MI 48357 the following described premises: Land situated in Rolland Township, Isabella County, Michigan to-wit Entire Blocks 32 and 41 of the Village of Blanchard, according to the rec at.thereof, Isabella County, Michigan. Tax Parcel No.: 12-050-32-041-00 For the sum of Less Than One Hundred Dollars - TAX EXEMPT: MCL 207.505(a) & MCL 207.526(a) as Ln ne Agementls Stached 28 Sallibimns Subject to the existing building and use restrictions, easements, and zoning ordinances of record, if any. This property may be located within the vicinity of farmland or a farm operation. Generally accepted agricultural and management practices which may generate noise, dust, odors, and other associated conditions may be used and are protected by the Michigan Right to Farm Act.
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Isabella County Recorder, Doc #202400047497, Liber: 1909 / Page: 2317, Recorded: 12/12/2024 @ 10:55:57 AM, Pg 2 of 2 + 8 ‘ Dated __//./S 2202 Y, Signed: COURSER COMMUNITY CENTER INC. STATE OF MICHIGAN oo OF MONTCALM On this day of November, 2024before Community Center Inc. to me known to be the perso acknowledged that they executed the same as their free ally appeared Tina Murray, Authorized Signatory of Courser ibed in and who executed the foregoing instriment and d deed. Notary Public: 8/(/2oz0 neal Instrument Drafted By: Jourdan D. Rasmussen-Attorney at Law 414 E. Main Street, PO Box 380 Edmore, MI 48829
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Bulletin 26 of 2017 Page 4 MCL 211.70 Charitable Exemption GEER ~rp'ication for Propgrty Tax Exemption Property Tax ID (Parcel Numben):_# /Z - 250 - 00 "I50 00 FY- 003433 oF HR OSH 00 220-00 Street Address of Property, 7&5 4/44 57. Lterchord mmr Y5300 (0 Kou 33) Name of Organization: Lo srser Lomemuni hy (en fol Mailing Address: 26 Lox 93 Bhnchurd mr 7832/0 Officers: Tiere: LP er rey Title: reasieres 7 Birbeck, Sone t fen [dd Lhe Soe re Fry Under what section(s) of the Michigan General Property Tax Act are yol requesting exemption? Aor Lot, d Punt zadina Sor g-2 Please state the reason you are applying for this exemption: Lhe are 7 He. Rrocess of 5 frig GL Biman 2 (Ba fer Caton ~ profi D v2 Lorre By, SF Are you currently receiving a property tax exemption in another Michigah city or township? Yes No If Yes, where and what type of exemption is being received? Please enclose the following documents with this application: (All infdrmation is required) 1. Articles of Incorporation 2. LR.$. Statement indicating status 3. Proof of Ownership 4. By laws A fry Teaver (959) S04 735s [34 2022 SignatuferTitle 4 PHone # Date
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BYLAWS OF COURSER COMMUNITY CENTER, INC. A NOT-FOR-PROFIT CORPORATION INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN
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BYLAWS of COURSER COMMUNITY CENTER, INC. ARTICLE I — OFFICES The principal office of the corporation shall be in the City of Blanchard in the County of Isabella in the State of Michigan. The corporation may also have offices at such other places within or without this state as the board may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may so require. ARTICLE IT — PURPOSES The Corporation is organized exclusively for charitable, religious, educational and scientific purposes, including for such purposes, the making of distributions to organizations that qualify as an exempt organization under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, or the corresponding section of any future federal tax code. No part of the net earnings of the organization shall inure to the benefit of, or be distributed to its members, trustees, officers, ot other private persons, except that the organization shall be authorized and empowered to pay reasonable compensation for services rendered and to make payments and distributions in furtherance of the purposes set forth in the purpose clause hereof, No substantial part of the activities of the corporation shall consist of the carrying on of propaganda or otherwise attempting to influence legislation, and the corporation shall not participate in, or intervene in, any political campaign on behalf of any candidate for public office. Notwithstanding any other provision of this document, the organization shall not carry on any other purposes not permitted to be carried on (a) by an organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501(c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code, or corresponding section of any future federal tax code, or (b) by an organization, contributions to which are deductible under section 170(c) (2) of the Internal Revenue Code,
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4942 of the Code; and the corporation shall not (a) engage in any act of self- dealing as defined in Section 4941(d) of the Code; (b) retain any excess business holdings as defined in Section 4943(c) of the Code; (c) make any investments in such manner as to subject the corporation to tax under Section 4944 of the Code; or (d) make any taxable expenditures as defined in Section 4945(d) of the Code or corresponding provisions of any subsequent federal tax laws. Upon dissolution of the Corporation, assets shall be distributed for one or more exempt purposes within the meaning of section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, ot the corresponding section of any future federal tax code, or shall be distributed to the federal government, or state or local government for public purpose. Any such asset not so disposed of shall be disposed of by the Court of Competent Jurisdiction of the county in which the principal office of the corporation is then located, exclusively for such purpose or to such organization or organizations as said Court shall determine, which are organized and operated exclusively for such purposes. ARTICLE HI - DIRECTORS 1. MANAGEMENT OF THE CORPORATION. The corporation shall be managed by the board of directors which shall consist of at least three directors. Each director shall be at least eighteen years of age. 2, ELECTION AND TERM OF DIRECTORS. At each annual meeting of members, the membership shail elect directors to hold office until the next annual meeting. Each director shall hold office until the expiration of the term for which he was elected and until his successor has been elected and shall have qualified, or until his prior resignation or removal. 3. INCREASE OR DECREASE IN NUMBER OF DIRECTORS. The number of directors may be increased or decreased by a vote of a majority of all of the directors. No decrease in number of directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director. 4. NEWLY CREATED DIRECTORSHIPS AND VACANCIES. Newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors and vacancies occurring in the board for any reason except the removal of directors without cause may be filled by a vote of the majority of the directors then in office, although less
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5. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS. Any or all of the directors may be removed for cause by action of the board. Directors may be removed due to nonfulfillment of duties required by board, misconduct, theft and misrepresentation of our organization all by majority vote of the board members. 6. RESIGNATION. A director may resign at any time by giving written notice to the board, the president or the secretary of the corporation. Unless otherwise specified in the notice, the resignation shall take effect upon receipt thereof by the board or such officer, and the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. 7. QUORUM OF DIRECTORS. Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, a majority of the entire board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business or any specified item of business, 8. ACTION OF THE BOARD. Unless otherwise required by law, the vote of a majority of the directors present at the time of the vote, if a quorum is present at such time, shall be the act of the board. Each director present shall have one vote, 9. PLACE AND TIME OF BOARD MEETINGS. The board may hold its meetings at the office of the corporation or at such other places, either within or without the state, as it may from time to time determine. 10. REGULAR ANNUAL MEETING. A regular annual meeting of the board shall be held. 11. NOTICE OF MEETINGS OF THE BOARD, ADJOURNMENT. Regular meetings of the board may be held without notice at such time and place as it shall from time to time determine. Special meetings of the board shall be held upon notice to the directors and may be called by the president upon three days’ notice to each director either personally or by mail or by wire; special meetings shall be called by the president or by the secretary in a like manner on written request of two directors. Notice of a meeting need not be given to any director who submits a waiver of notice whether before or after the meeting
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who were absent at the time of the adjournment and, unless such time and place are announced at the meeting, to the other directors. 12. CHAIRMAN. At all meetings of the board the president, or in his absence, a chairman chosen by the board shall preside. 13. EXECUTIVE AND OTHER COMMITTEES. The board, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire board, may designate from among its members an executive committee and other committees, each consisting of three or more directors, Each such committee shall serve at the pleasure of the board. ARTICLE 1V -- OFFICERS 1. OFFICES, ELECTION, TERM. Unless otherwise provided for in the certificate of incorporation, the board may elect or appoint a president, one or more vice-presidents, a secretary and a treasurer, and such other officers as it may determine, who shall have such duties, powers and functions as hereinafter provided. All officers shall be elected or appointed to hold office until the meeting of the board. Each officer shall hold office for the term for which he is elected or appointed and until his successor has been elected or appointed and qualified. 2. REMOVAL OR RESIGNATION. Any officer elected or appointed by the board may be removed by the board with or without cause. In the event of the death, resignation or removal of an officer, the board in its discretion may elect or appoint a successor to fill the unexpired term. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person, except the offices of president, treasurer, and secretary. 3. PRESIDENT. The president shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation; he shall preside at all meetings of the members and of the board; he shall have the general management of the affairs of the corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the board are carried
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During the absence or disability of the president, the vice-president, or if there are more than one, the executive vice-president, shall have all the powers and functions of the president. Each vice-president shall perform such other duties as the board shall prescribe. 5. TREASURER. The treasurer shall have the care and custody of all the funds and securities of the corporation, and shall deposit said funds in the name of the corporation in such bank or trust company as the directors may eleet; he shall, when duly authorized by the board of directors, sign and execute all contracts in the name of the corporation, when countersigned by the president; he shall also sign all checks, drafts, notes, and orders for the payment of money, which shall be duly authorized by the board of directors and shall be countersigned by the president; he shall at all reasonable times exhibit his books and accounts to any director or member of the corporation upon application at the office of the corporation during ordinary business hours. At the end of cach corporate year, he shall have an audit of the accounts of the corporation made by a committee appointed by the president, and shall present such audit in writing at the annual meeting of the board, at which time he shall also present an annual report setting forth in full the financial conditions of the corporation. 6. SECRETARY. The secretary shall keep the minutes of the board of directors and also the minutes of the members, He shall have the custody of the seal of the corporation and shall affix and attest the same to documents when duly authorized by the board of directors. He shall attend to the giving and serving of all notices of the corporation, and shall have charge of such books and papers as the board of directors may direct; he shall attend to such correspondence as may be assigned to him, and perform all the duties incidental to his office. 7. SURETIES AND BONDS. In case the board shall so require, any officer or agent of the corporation shall execute to the corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as the board may direct, conditioned upon the faithful performance of his duties to the corporation and including responsibility for negligence and for the accounting for all property, funds or securities of the corporation which may come into his hands. ARTICLE V — CONSTRUCTION If there be any conflict between the provisions of the certificate of incorporation and these bylaws, the provisions of the certificate of incorporation shall govern.
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The bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the board at the time they are entitled to vote in the election of directors. Bylaws may also be adopted, amended or repealed by the board of directors but any bylaw adopted, amended or repealed by the board may be amended by the board members entitled to vote thereon as herein before provided. If any bylaw regulating an impending election of directors is adopted, amended or repealed by the board, there shall be set forth in the notice of the next meeting of all board members for the election of directors the bylaw so adopted, amended or repealed, together with a concise statement of the changes made. ARTICLE VII -- CONDUCT Because of its strong beliefs in high moral standards based on traditional values, the organization reserves the right to expect from all of its officers and directors to maintain high moral standards and social values that do not conflict with traditional spiritual morals. ARTICLE VII — INDEMNITY The Corporation shall indemnify its directors, officers, and employees as follows: Every director, officer, or employee of the Corporation shall be indemnified by the Corporation against all expenses and liabilities, including counsel fees, reasonably incurred by or imposed upon him in connection with any proceeding to which he may be made a party, or in which he may become involved, by reason of his being or having been a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Corporation or is or was setving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Corporation, whether or not he is a director, officer, employee, or agent at the time such expenses are incurred, except in such cases wherein the director, officer, employee, or agent is adjudicated guilty of willful misfeasance or malfeasance in the performance of his duties. The Corporation shall provide any person who is an officer, director, employee, or agent of the Corporation or was serving at the request of a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Corporation the indemnity against expenses of suit, litigation, or other proceedings which is specifically permissible under applicable law. The foregoing Bylaws were adopted by the directors of®
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President Treasurer Secretary
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COURSER COMMUNITY CENTER, INC. CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY ARTICLE I — PURPOSE The purpose of the conflict of interest policy is to protect COURSER COMMUNITY CENTER, Inc. (hereinafter the “Organization™) interest when it is contemplating entering into a transaction or arrangement that might benefit the private interest of an officer or director of the Organization or might otherwise result in a possible excess benefit transaction. This policy is intended to supplement but not replace any applicable state and federal laws governing conflict of interest applicable to nonprofit and charitable organizations. ARTICLE II - DEFINITIONS 1. CONFLICT OF INTEREST. A conflict of interest is a set of circumstances that creates a risk that professional judgment or actions regarding a primary interest will be unduly influenced by a secondary interest. For purposes of this provision, the term "interest" shall include personal interest, interest as director, officer, member, stockholder, shareholder, partner, manager, trustee or beneficiary of any concern and having an immediate family member who holds such an interest in any concern. The term "concern" shall mean any corporation, association, trust, partnership, limited liability entity, firm, person or other entity other than the organization. 2. INTERESTED PERSON. An interested person includes: any director, officer, key employee, or member of a committee with governing board delegated powers, who has a direct or indirect financial interest, as defined below. 3. FINANCIAL INTEREST. A person has a financial interest if the person has, directly or indirectly, through business, investment, or family:
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iii. Within the last three years, been an employee of the organization ot of an affiliate of the organization or who has a relative who is, or has been within the last three years, a key employee of the organization or of an affiliate; iv. Received, or who has a relative who has received, in any of the last three fiscal years of the organization, more than $10,000 in direct compensation from the organization or from an affiliate of the organization (other than reimbursement for expenses reasonably incurred as a director or reasonable compensation for service as a director); v. Current employment with, or a substantial financial interest in, any entity that has made payments to, or received payments from, the organization or an affiliate of the organization for property or services in an amount which, in any of the last three fiscal years, exceeds the lesser of $25,000 or two percent of the organization’s consolidated gross revenues. vi. A potential ownership or investment interest in, or compensation arrangement with, any entity or individual with which the Organization is negotiating a transaction or arrangement. Compensation includes direct and indirect remuneration as well as gifts or favors that are not insubstantial. A financial interest is not necessarily a conflict of interest. Under Article 111, Section 2a person who has a financial interest may have a conflict of interest only if the appropriate governing board or committee decides that a conflict of interest exists. 4. RELATED PARTY. A Related Party includes officers and directors of the organization, as well as officers and directors of any affiliates of the organization. Also included are relatives of those persons and entities at least 35% owned by such persons. 5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTION. Related Party Transactions are defined as transactions between the organization, or any of its affiliates, and a Related Party. ARTICLE IIT — PROCEDURES 1. DUTY TO DISCLOSE.
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organization is a participant and in which the director might have a conflicting interest. The Secretary must provide copies of all such statements to the chair of the Audit Committee or, if none, to the chair of the Board. In connection with any actual or possible conflict of interest, an interested person must disclose the existence of the financial interest to the Audit Committee or, if there is no Audit Committee, to the Board of Directors, and be given the opportunity to disclose all material facts considering the proposed transaction ot arrangement. 2. DETERMINING WHETHER A CONFLICT OF INTEREST EXISTS. After disclosure of the financial interest and all material facts, and after any discussion with the interested person, he/she shall leave the Audit Committee or Board of Directors meeting while the determination of a conflict of interest is discussed and voted upon, so as to preclude any attempt by the conflicted person to influence improperly the deliberations or voting on the matter. The remaining Audit Committee or Board of Directors members shall decide if a conflict of interest exists. The existence and resolution of the conflict shall be contemporaneously documented in the Organization records, including minutes of any meeting where the conflict is discussed or voted on. 3. PROCEDURES FOR ADDRESSING THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST. All potential conflicts that are disclosed shall be addressed in the following manner: i. An interested person may make a presentation at the governing board or committee meeting, but after the presentation, he/she shall leave the meeting during the discussion of, and the vote on, the transaction or arrangement involving the possible conflict of interest. ii. ~The chairperson of the Audit Committee or Board of Directors shall, if appropriate, appoint a disinterested person or committee to investigate alternatives to the proposed transaction or arrangement. iii. After exercising due diligence, the Board of Directors or Audit Committee shall determine whether the Organization can obtain with reasonable efforts a more advantageous transaction or arrangement from a person or entity that would not give rise to a conflict of interest. iv. If a more advantageous transaction or arrangement is not reasonably possible
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above determination it shall make its decision as to whether to cuter into the transaction or arrangement. 4. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. All Related Party Transactions must be disclosed and shall be addressed in the following manner: i. The Organization may not enter into a related party transaction unless the Board of Directors determines that the transaction is fair, reasonable and in the organization’s best interest at the time of determination. ii. A director, officer or key employee who has an interest in a related party transaction must disclose in good faith to the Board of Directors or an authorized Board committee the material facts concerning such interest. iil. ~~ Additional restrictions and procedures may be set forth in the organization’s governing documents or a policy adopted by the Board. iv. No related party with an interest in a related party transaction may participate in deliberations or vote on the related party transaction, except that the Board or an authorized committee may request that such related party present information concerning the transaction at a meeting of the Board or such committee prior to commencement of deliberations or voting thereon. v. Related Party Transactions are likely potential conflicts of interest and shall thus be disclosed, addressed, and documented in accordance with the procedures outlined in Article 111, Sections A through C. 5. VIOLATIONS OF THE CONFLICTS OF INTEREST POLICY. If the Board of Directors or Audit Committee has reasonable cause to believe a member has failed to disclose actual or possible conflicts of interest, it shall inform the member of the basis for such belief and afford the member an opportunity to explain the alleged failure to disclose. If. after hearing the member's response and after making further investigation as warranted by the circumstances, the governing board or committee determines the member has failed to disclose an actual or possible conflict of interest, it shall take appropriate disciplinary and corrective action.
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The names of the persons who disclosed or otherwise were found to have a financial interest in connection with an actual or possible conflict of interest, the nature of the financial interest, any action taken to determine whether a conflict of interest was present, and the governing board or committee’s decision as to whether a conflict of interest in fact existed. The names of the persons who were present for discussions and votes relating to the transaction or arrangement, the content of the discussion, including any alternatives to the proposed transaction or arrangement, and a record of any votes taken in connection with the proceedings. ARTICLE V — COMPENSATION No person who may benefit from a compensation arrangement may be present at or otherwise participate in any Board or committee deliberation or vote concerning that person’s compensation, except that the Board or committee may request that the person present information as background or answer questions at a committee or Board meeting prior to the commencement of deliberations or voting thereon. No voting member of the governing board or any committee whose jurisdiction includes compensation matters and who receives compensation, directly or indirectly, from the Organization, either individually or collectively, is prohibited from providing information to any committee regarding compensation. ARTICLE VI — ANNUAL STATEMENTS Each director, officer and member of a committee with governing board delegated powers shall annually sign a statement which affirms such person: A. Has received a copy of the conflicts of interest policy; B. Has read and understands the policy; C. Has agreed to comply with the policy; D. Understands the Organization is charitable and in order to maintain its federal tax exemption it must engage primarily in activities which accomplish one or more of its tax-exempt purposes.
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~~ To ensure the Organization operates in a manner consistent with charitable purposes and does not engage in activities that could jeopardize its tax-exempt status, periodic reviews shall be conducted. The periodic reviews shall, at a minimum, include the following subjects: A. Whether compensation arrangements and benefits are reasonable, based on competent survey information and the result of arm’s length bargaining. B. Whether partnerships, joint ventures, and arrangements with management organizations conform to the Organization’s written policies, are properly recorded, reflect reasonable investment or payments for goods and services, further charitable purposes and do not result in inurnment, impermissible private benefit or in an excess benefit transaction. ARTICLE VIII —- USE OF OUTSIDE EXPERTS When conducting the periodic reviews as provided for in Article VII, the Organization may, but need not, use outside advisors, If outside experts are used, their use shall not relieve the governing board of its responsibility for ensuring periodic reviews are conducted. President Date Treasurer Date Secretary Date
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Filed by Corporations Division Administrator
Filing Number: 2203129998010
Date: 11/05/2020
Online Filin
RAN
Be HS AS) PV
EEN
Form Revision Date 07/2016
ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
For use by DOMESTIC NONPROFIT CORPORATION
Pursuant to the provisions of Act 162, Public Acts of 1982, the undersigned corporation executes the following Articles:
ARTICLE I
The name of the corporation is:
"
. COURSER COMMUNITY CENTER, INC.
ARTICLE 1X
The purpose or purposes for which the corporation is formed are:
; Courser Community Center, Inc. is a nonprofit organization organized exclusively for charitable and educational purposes to provide
RN
iresidents of Blanchard, Michigan with asslstance for food, clothing, and recreational and enrichment activities. We provide opportunities for
.
regardiess of Income, the ability to exercise, lzarn about physical health,
and have access to food and other necessary items.
ARTICLE IXX
ack
© The Corporation Is formed upon { yor
basis,
*
1 If formed on a stock basis, the total number of shares the corporation has authority to issue is
(
|
-
[If formed on a nonstock basis, the description and value of Its real property assets are (If none, insert "none”):
f
none
: The description and value of its personal property assets are (if none, insert "none"):
{none
{The corporation is to be financed under the following general plan:
:
IBY charitable gifts and grants from individuals, other organizations, and the government,
ARTICLE IV
The street address of the registered office of the corporation and the name of the resident agent at the registered office (P.O.
-
| Boxes are not acceptable):
"1. Agent Name:
TINA MURRAY
i2, Street Address:
405 4TH STPage 24
ARTICLE V | ! The name(s) and address(es) of the incorporator(s) is (are) as follows: TINA MURRAY R i Use the space below for additional Articles or for continuation of previous Articles. Please identify any Article being continued or added, } ARTICLE VI ji THE CORPORATION 1S ORGANIZED EXCLUSIVELY FOR CHARITABLE, RELIGIOUS, EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES, INCLUDING FOR ; + SUCH PURPOSES, THE MAKING OF DISTRIBUTIONS TO ORGANIZATIONS THAT QUALIFY AS AN EXEMPT ORGANIZATION UNDER SECTION 501 : (C)(3) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE, OR THE CORRESPONDING SECTION OF ANY FUTURE FEDERAL TAX CODE, : i NO SUBSTANTIAL PART OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CORPORATION SHALL CONSIST OF THE CARRYING ON OF PROPAGANDA OR OTHERWISE a ATTEMPTING TO INFLUENCE LEGISLATION, AND THE CORPORATION SHALL NOT PARTICIPATE IN, OR INTERVENE IN, ANY POLITICAL : ORGANIZATION SHALL NOT CARRY ON ANY OTHER PURPOSES NOT PERMITTED TO BE CARRIED ON (A) BY AN ORGANIZATION EXEMPT FROM | FEDERAL INCOME TAX UNDER SECTION 501(C) (3) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE, OR CORRESPONDING SECTION OF ANY FUTURE FEDERAL TAX CODE, OR (8) BY AN ORGANIZATION, CONTRIBUTIONS TO WHICH ARE DEDUCTIBLE UNDER SECTION 170(C) (2) OF THE : INTERNAL REVENUE CODE, OR CORRESPONDING SECTION OF ANY FUTURE FEDERAL TAX CODE, NO PART OF THE NET EARNINGS OF THE ORGANIZATION SHALL INURE TO THE BENEFIT OF; OR BE DISTRIBUTED TO ITS MEMBERS, | . TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, OR OTHER PRIVATE PERSONS, EXCEPT THAT THE ORGANIZATION SHALL BE AUTHORIZED AND EMPOWERED TO PAY | SET FORTH IN THE PURPOSE CLAUSE HEREOF. ' UPON DISSOLUTION OF THE CORPORATION, ASSETS SHALL BE DISTRIBUTED FOR ONE OR MORE EXEMPT PURPOSES WITHIN THE MEANING ' OF SECTION 501(C)(3) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE, OR THE CORRESPONDING SECTION OF ANY FUTURE FEDERAL TAX CODE, OR + SHALL BE DISTRIBUTED TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, OR STATE OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT FOR PUBLIC PURPOSE. ANY SUCH ASSET NOT | SO DISPOSED OF SHALL BE DISPOSED OF BY THE COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION OF THE COUNTY IN WHICH THE PRINCIPAL OFFICE i OF THE CORPORATION IS THEN LOCATED, EXCLUSIVELY FOR SUCH PURPOSE OR TO SUCH ORGANIZATION OR ORGANIZATIONS AS SAID COURT SHALL DETERMINE, WHICH ARE ORGANIZED AND OPERATED EXCLUSIVELY FOR SUCH PURPOSES. o Signed this 2nd Day of November, 2020 by the incorporator(s), . BR 3 Le: :] Tina Murray Incorporator By selecting ACCEPT, I hereby acknowledge that this electronic document is being signed in accordance with the Act. 1 further certify ' that to the best of my knowledge the information provided Is true, accurate, and in compliance with the Act. ’ ¢ Decline @ Accept CAMPAIGN ON BEHALF OF ANY CANDIDATE FOR PUBLIC OFFICE. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS DOCUMENT, THE | ! REASONABLE COMPENSATION FOR SERVICES RENDERED AND TO MAKE PAYMENTS AND DISTRIBUTIONS IN FURTHERANCE OF THE PURPOSES | :
Page 25
Filed by Corporations Division Administrator Filing Number: 220312999010 Date; 11/05/2020 MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS FILING ENDORSEMENT This is to Certify that the ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION for COURSER COMMUNITY CENTER, INC. 0 number: | received by electronic transmission on November 02, 2020 , is hereby endorsed. Filed on November 05, 2020, by the Administrator. The document Is effective on the date filed, unless a subsequent effective date within 90 days after received date is stated in the document. In testimony whereof, | have hereunto set my hand and affixed the Seal of the Department, in the City of Lansing, this 5th day of November, 2020. tn Clg
Page 26
Parcel Number: 37-12-050-32-041-00 Jurisdiction: ROLLAND TOWNSHIP County: ISABELLA Pri Grantor Grantee Sale Sale |Inst. Terms of Sale Liber Price Date Type & Page SCHANKIN GREG & BRENDA COURSER ROLLAND J TRUST 45,000 01/11/2020 wD 03-ARM'S LENGTH 1874 885 Property Address Class: COMMERCIAL-IMPROVE Zoning: Building Permit (s) Date 405 s FOURTH ST School: MONTABELLA COMM SCHOOLS P.R.E. 0% Owner's Name/Address 7 Saal Sali CENTER INC 2024 Est TCV 125,207 TCV/TFA: 6.26 BLANCHARD MI 49310 X Improved Vacant Land Value Estimates for Land Table 6.COMMERCIAL / I Public * Factors * Improvements Description Frontage Depth Front Depth Rate %A oe Tp VILLAGE 1300.00 125.00 1.0000 0.0000 180 1 Zax Description - 149,846.400 Sq Ft 0.57 1 Gravel Road T13N R6W VILLAGE OF BLANCHARD Paved Road BLKS 32 & 41 Storm Sewer SPLIT/COMBINED ON 01/24/2022 FROM Sidewalk — 1300 Actual Front Feet, 3.44 Total Acres * denotes lines that do not contribute to the total Total E 12-050-00-250-00, 12-050-00-320-00; Water sy Sewer Comments/Influences Electric Split/Comb. on 01/24/2022 completed Gas 01/24/2022 EA NEW CONFIGURATION; Curb Parent Parcel (s): 12-050-00-250-00, Street Lights 12-050-00-320-00; Standard Utilities Child Parcel(s): 12-050-32-041-00, Underground Utils. 12-050-31-042-00; Topography of Site Level Rolling Low High Landscaped Swamp Wooded Pond Waterfront Ravine Wetland Flood Plain Year Building Value Assessed Value Who When What 2024 20,200 62,600 EE ————Y TV 09/20/2009 INSPECTED 2023 18,700 53,000 The Equalizer. Copyright (c) 1989 - 2009. JM 09/22/2009 DATA ENTER 3533 Licensed To: Township of Rolland, County 0 0 of Isabella, Michigan 2021 0 0 **%* Information herein deemed reliable but not guaranteed***
Page 27
Commercial/Industrial Building/Section
1
of
1
Parcel Number:
37-12-050-32-041-00
Print
Desc.
of Bldg/Section:
<<<
Calculator
Cost
Computations
Calculator
Occupancy:
Schools
-
Classrooms
Class:
C
Quality:
Low
Cost
Construction
Cost
Stories:
1
Story Height:
8
Perimeter:
1100
20,000
:
—
i
Gross Bldg Area:
20,000
High
Above Ave.
Ave.
; X
Low
pase Rate
for Upper Floors
= 112.01
Stories Above Grd:
1
**
¥%
Calculator Cost
Data
**
*x
.
Average
Sty Hght
:
8
Quality:
Low Cost
(10)
Heating system:
Space Heaters,
gas with
Fan
C
Bsmnt Wall Hght
Heat#1: Space Heaters,
Gas with Fan
50%:
Adjusted Square Foot Cost for Upper Floors
= 114.64
Heat#2:
Space Heaters,
Gas
with
Fan
0%
Depr.
Table
2%
Ave.
SqFt/Story:
20000
Total
Floor
Area:
20,000
Base
Cost
New
o
Effective Age
:
57
Ave. Perimeter:
1100
Physical
%Good:
40
Has Elevators:
Reproduction/Rep
Func.
%Good
:
10
Eff.Age:57
Pny.%Good/Abnr.Phy./Func./Econ./Overall
Economic %Good:
100
*%* Basement
Info
***
Total De
3
Area:
Year Built
Perimeter:
ECF
(COMML/IND)
0.880 => TCV
Remodeled
erimeter:
Type:
Replacement Cost/Floor Area= 114.64
Est.
TCV
Overall
Bldg
Heat:
Hot
Water,
Radiant
Floor
Height
¢
ry
* Mezzanine
Info
*
Omments:
Area
#1:
Type
#1:
Area
#2:
Type
#2:
*
Sprinkler
Info
*
Area:
»
Type:
Low
(1)
Excavation/Site
Prep:
(7)
Interior:
(11)
Electric and Lighting:
(3%)
"(ZY
Foundation:
Footings
(8)
Flumbing:
S—
:
=
Outlets:
Fixtures:
X
Poured Conc.
Brick/Stone
Block
Many
Average
Few
1
Above Ave.
Typical
None
Few
Few
-
.
Average
Average
Total
Fixtures
Urinals
Many
Many
J
Frame:
3-Piece Baths
Wash Bowls
Unfinished
Unfinished
2-Piece Baths
Water Heaters
Typical
Typical
Shower Stalls
[Wash Fountains
Toilets
‘Water Softeners
Flex Conduit
Incandescent
ud
Rigid Conduit
Fluorescent
(4)
Floor Structure:
Armored Cable
Mercury
(40)
Non-Metalic
Sodium Vapor
(5)
Sprinkiers:
Bus
Duct
Transformer
Th
-
(13)
Roof Structure:
Slope=0
(5)
Floor Cover:
(10)
Heating and Cooling:
Gas
Coal
‘Hand Fired
1011
Stoker
{Boiler
(14)
Roof Cover:
(6)
Ceiling:
***
Information herein
deemed reliable
but
not guaranteed***Page 28
STATE OF MICHIGAN GRETCHEN WHITMER DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS ORLENE HAWKS GOVERNOR LANSING DIRECTOR PROPERTY TAX APPEAL ANSWER FORM VALUATION / EXEMPTION / CLASSIFICATION APPEAL MOAHR DOCKET NO. 24-003423 Pursuant to Michigan Tax Tribunal Rule (TTR) 277(3), you MUST submit a copy of the notice giving rise to the appeal (e.g. Board of Review Decision, Notice of Uncapping, or Assessment Change Notice) with this Small Claims Answer, if applicable, If you do not submit this document, you may be held in default. Section 1: Respondent’s Contact Information Filer Type: Local Unit of Government Township Of Rolland (ISABELLA) First Namo M1. Last Name/Company Name/Unit of Government Mailing Address (No., Street, P.O. Box or Rural Route) City or Town State ZIP Code Michigan Telephone Number Fax Number E-mail Address Section 2: Respondents Attorney/Authorized Representative’s Contact Information First Nance MI. Last Name Denise M Hall Firm Name (if any) Address (No, Street, P.O, Box or Rurat Route} 5887 Schafin Drive City or Town State ZIP Code Weidman Michigan 48893 Telephone Number Fax Number 989-644-3413 E-mail Address denise_equitya@yahoo.com Section 3: Subject Property Information
Page 29
STATE OF MICHIGAN GRETCHEN WHITMER DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS ORLENE HAWKS GOVERNOR LANSING DIRECTOR ‘This abandoned school property was transferred from Mr Courser to the Courser Community Center in 2021 , with the intention to refurbish the building and sum it into a community center, They obtained their 501c3 and applied for exemption. It was granted and continued through the 2022 assessment/tax year. It was assessed on the 2023 roll when the township saw tio movement toward using it for the charitable intentions. The 2023 non-exempt status was not appealed, Since 2021 the building has fallen into even more disrepair and there has been Jittle or no movement to make it usable. The organization has not been occupying or using the building for their charitable mission and cannot predict when the situation will change. The Township decided to continue assessing the parcet an the 2024 assessment roll for this reason. Section 5: Jurisdictional Issues IF PETITIONER IS APPEALING THE TRUE CASH AND/OR TAXABLE VALUES Did Petitioner protest the assessment at a Board of Review (BOR)? [f yes, check which BOR Petitioner attended; If no, was the Notice of Assessment properly sent ta Petitioner prior to the March BOR? *Submit a copy of the Natice of Asscssmant with the Answer. If the July or December BOR revised (ho assessments) at iss, did it have authority? If yes, cite the Board's authority. Was the assessment(s) at issuc established as the result of a clerical error or mutual mistake of fact? If yes, explain. Ts Petitioner appealing from a State Tax Commission Order? 1f so, what is the issue date? IF PETITIONER IS APPEALING THE UNCAPPING OF TAXABLE VALUE
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STATE OF MICHIGAN GRETCHEN WHITMER DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS GOVERNOR LANSING ORLENE HAWKS DIRECTOR List the date the BOR denied Petitioners Poverty Exemption: IF PETITIONER IS APPEALING THE DENIAL OF AN EXEMPTION OTHER THAN POVERTY, PRINCIPAL RESIDENCE, OR QUALIFIED AGRICULTURAL EXEMPTIONS Did Petitioner request the cxemption al the BOR? If Yes, check which BOR Petitioner attended: Tax Year(s) denied: List the date the exemption was denied: 2023, 2024 - 2023 not appealed - 2024 appealed to MBOR 1/41/2023 ‘What statutory section did Petitioner request the subject property be exempt? 211.70 IF PETITIONER IS APPEALING THE CLASSIFICATION OF PROPERTY ‘What do you believe the classification should be: Section 6: Valuation Information +use he muttipie parcel form for additional, contiguous parcels. Parcel Identification Number: 12-050-32-041-00 Classification of Property: Real Commerciat Current Assessed Value (also known as State Equalized Value) as established by the BOR: 62600 Current Taxable Value as established by the BOR: 55650 ‘What do you believe is the fair market value (also known as True Cash Valuc)? 125200 Multiply the True Cash Value by. 5 and enter here. This is your contention of Assessed Value, 62600 Hf you betieve the Taxable Value differs from your contention of Assessed Value, enter your contention of Taxable Value. Electronic Signature *Typing your name below will serve as your signature Respondent or Atiomey/ Authorized Represontative’s Signature: /s/ Deaise M Hall
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8 H- 00343 oe gone Trem: THIS IS NOT A TAX BILL L-4400 Notice of Assessment, Taxable Valuation, and Property Classification This form is Issued under the authority of P.A. 206 of 1893, Sec. 211.24 (c) and Sec.211.34c, as amended. This ls a model assessment nolice to be used by the local assessor. FROM: ROLLAND TWP - ISABELLA CO PARCEL IDENTIFICATION EQUITY ASMNTS INC 989-644-3413 : -050-32-041- EE fiMNTS PARCEL NUMBER: 37-12-050-32-041-00 WEIDMAN, M| 48893 PROPERTY ADDRESS: 405 8 FOURTH ST BLANCHARD, MI 49310 OWNER'S NAME & ADDRESS/PERSON NAMED ON ASSESSMENT ROLL: PRINCIPAL RESIDENCE EXEMPTION COURSER COMMUNITY CENTER INC % Exempt As "Homeowners Principal Residence™ 00% PO BOX 93 % Exempt As "Qualified Agricultural Property”: 00% BLANCHARD MI 49310 % Exempt As "MBT industrial Personal": 00% % Exempt As "MBT Commercial Personal”: 00% Exempt As "Qualified Forest Property": a Yes [X| No Exempt As "Development Property™: [1 Yes No LEGAL DESCRIPTION: T13N R6W VILLAGE OF BLANCHARD BLKS 32 & 41 SPLIT/COMBINED ON 01/24/2022 FROM 12-050-00-250-00, 12-050-00-320-00; ACCORDING TO MCL 211.34c THIS PROPERTY IS CLASSIFIED AS: 201 (COMMERCIAL-IMPROVED) PRIOR YEAR'S CLASSIFICATION: 201 (COMMERCIAL-IMPROVED) The change in taxable value will increase/decrease your tax bill for the 2024 PRIOR AMOUNT EN AMOUNT CHANGE FROM year by approximately: $137 YEAR: 2023 YEAR: 2024 CURRENT YEAR 1. TAXABLE VALUE: 53,000 55,650 2,850 2. ASSESSED VALUE: 53,000 62,600 9,600 3. TENTATIVE EQUALIZATION FACTOR: 1.000 4, STATE EQUALIZED VALUE (SEV): 53,000 62,600 9,600 5. There WAS or WAS NOT a transfer of ownership on this property in2023 WAS NOT 6. Assessor Change Reason: The 2024 Inflation rate Multiplier is: 1.05 Questions regarding the Notice of Assessment, Taxable Valuation, and Property Classification may be directed fo the Following: Name: Phone: Email Address: DENISE M HALL (989) 644-3413 DENISE_EQUITYA@YAHOO.COM
Page 32
Yo G03Y AZ 10/03/2024 12:14 pM 2024 BOARD OF REVIEW DECISION FROM ROLLAND TWP - ISABELLA CO EQUITY ASMNTS INC 989-644-3413 5887 SCHAFIN DR WEIDMAN, MI 48893 NAME AND ADDRESS OF OWNER OR PERSON NAMED ON ASSESSMENT ROLL: PROPERTY IDENTIFICATION: (Parcel Code required. Property address and fegal description optional): 37-12-050-32-041-00 405 S FOURTH ST COURSER COMMUNITY CENTER INC PO BOX 93 BLANCHARD MI 49310 TI3N R6W VILLAGE OF BLANCHARD BLKS 32 & 41 SPLIT/COMBINED ON 01/24/2022 FROM 12-050-00-250-00, 12- 050-00-320-00; 'HIS PROPERTY IS CLASSIFIED AS 201 (COMMERCIAL-IMPROVED) Thank you for attending this years March Board of Review. The Board has reviewed the information you supplied and the data necessary to compute your assessment and taxable value. The Board has completed their review of parcel number 37-12-050-32-041-00 They have made the following determination based on the information you supplied. Board of Review Comments: EXEMPTION DENIED. CHARITABLE ORG OWNED BUT NOT BEING USED. [2024 ORIGINAL ASSESSED VALUE 62,600 | 2024 "BOARD OF REVIEW" ASSESSED VALUE 62,600 (If the above amounts are the same, no revisions have occured) | 2024 ORIGINAL TAXABLE VALUE 55,650 | 2024 "BOARD OF REVIEW" TAXABLE VALUE 55,650 | 2024 PRINCIPAL RESIDENCE EXEMPTION/QUALIFIED AG 0.0000 Please feel free to contact the assessor at the address listed above or call if you have any questions. “Effective March 1, 2013, the Tribunal is no longer able to accept Small Claims letter appeals. Rather, you are required to file a petition to initiate a new Small Claims appeal. Petition forms are available on this website.” http:/fwww.michigan.gov/taxtrib/0,4677,7-187-38254---,00.htm]
Page 33
erage STATE OF MICHIGAN GRETCHEN WHITMER DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS MARLON I. BROWN, DPA GOVERNOR DIRECTOR ROLLAND J COURSER MICHIGAN TAX TRIBUNAL Petitioner(s) v MTT Docket No. 24-003423 TOWNSHIP OF ROLLAND , Respondent(s) PROOF OF SERVICE DENISE M HALL states that on 04/14/2025 he/she [Name of person serving/mailing petition] [date of service] served a copy of the EVIDENCE/DOCUMENTS relative to the above-captioned matter upon: [Provide name and address of the party/people being served) ROLLAND J COURSER PO BOX 353 HIGHLAND MI 48357 iY [Signature of person who is serving/mailing copy] Denise M Hed
Page 34
divd 39v1S0d Sn Svs dt ed 110 3 [a] b cisments 488 Schatin Dr idmian, MI 488 / = Equity > 3 W 0 Bo 303 Lars Ro M Dp