Record Finder / 25-003639-TT
Michigan

Andrea S Stamps, Petitioner V Unknown, Respondent

Petitioner
Andrea S Stamps
Respondent
Unknown

Case overview

Docket number
25-003639-TT
Status
Disposed
CaseType
SC Property
Division
Small Claims Division
County
Oakland
Judge
No judge assigned

Docket history

Line #SubjectFilerLine RefEnter Date/Post MarkFeeRelated Item
4Order of DismissalNot recordedNot recorded10/24/2025Not recordedDownload
3Petition has been verifiedPET110/24/2025Not recordedDownload
2Notice of Docket Number SCNot recordedNot recorded10/22/2025Not recordedDownload
1A petition was received.PETNot recorded08/13/2025$0.00Download

Documents

Order_of_Dismissal.2025-10-24_08-54-02.0000.pdfRead complete document text →
Read document text excerpt

Page 1

STATE OF MICHIGAN

GRETCHEN WHITMER

GOVERNOR

DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS

LANSING

MARLON I. BROWN, DPA

DIRECTOR

MICHIGAN TAX TRIBUNAL · 611 W. OTTAWA ST., LANSING, MI 48933 · 517-335-9760

PO BOX 30232, LANSING, MI 48909 · Other Carriers: 2407 N. GRAND RIVER AVE., LANSING, MI 48906

Andrea S Stamps, 

Petitioner, MICHIGAN TAX TRIBUNAL

 SMALL CLAIMS DIVISION

v 

 MTT Docket No. 25-003639

Unknown,

Respondent.

ORDER OF DISMISSAL

The Tribunal has reviewed the file in the above-captioned case and finds that:

Petitioner failed to protest the assessment to Respondent’s March Board of Review, as 

required by MCL 205.735a. As such, and inasmuch as the Tribunal has no equitable 

power to waive or otherwise disregard statutory filing requirements and deadlines, it has 

no authority to hear the appeal or grant the relief requested. See Sixarp, LLC v Byron 

Twp, __Mich__; __NW3d__ (2025). 

Therefore,

IT IS ORDERED that the case is DISMISSED.

This order resolves all pending issues and closes the case.

APPEAL RIGHTS

If you disagree with the final decision in this case, you may file a motion for 

reconsideration with the Tribunal or a claim of appeal with the Michigan Court of 

Appeals. 

A motion for reconsideration must be filed with the Tribunal with the required filing fee 

within 21 days from the date of entry of the final decision. Because the final decision 

closes the case, the motion cannot be filed through the Tribunal’s web-based e-filing 

system; it must be filed by mail or personal service. The fee for the filing of such 

motions is $50.00 in the Entire Tribunal and $25.00 in the Small Claims Division, unless 

the Small Claims decision relates to the valuation of property and the property had a 

principal residence exemption of at least 50% at the time the petition was filed or the 

decision relates to the grant or denial of a poverty or disabled veterans exemption and, 

if so, there is no filing fee. You are required to serve a copy of the motion on the 

opposing party by mail or personal service or by email if the opposing party agrees to 

electronic service, and proof demonstrating that service must be submitted with the 

motion. Responses to motions for reconsideration are prohibited and there are no oral 

arguments unless otherwise ordered by the Tribunal.

Page 2

MTT Docket No. 25-003639

Page 2 of 8

Alternatively, you may file a claim of appeal with the Michigan Court of Appeals. If the 

claim is filed within 21 days of the entry of the final decision, it is an “appeal of right.” If 

the claim is filed more than 21 days after the entry of the final decision, it is an “appeal 

by leave.” A copy of the claim of appeal must be filed with the Tribunal to certify the 

record on appeal. There is no certification fee. 

By:___________________________________

Patricia L. Halm, Tribunal Chair

Entered: October 24, 2025

PROOF OF SERVICE

I certify that a copy of the foregoing was sent on the entry date indicated above to the 

parties or their attorneys or authorized representatives, if any, utilizing either the mailing 

or email addresses on file, as provided by those parties, attorneys, or authorized 

representatives.

By: Tribunal Clerk

Page 3

Andrea S Stamps

23075 Plumbrooke Dr

Southfield , MI 48075

Page 4

STATE OF MICHIGAN

GRETCHEN WHITMER

GOVERNOR

DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS

LANSING

MARLON I. BROWN, DPA

DIRECTOR

MICHIGAN TAX TRIBUNAL · 611 W. OTTAWA ST., LANSING, MI 48933 · 517-335-9760

PO BOX 30232, LANSING, MI 48909 · Other Carriers: 2407 N. GRAND RIVER AVE., LANSING, MI 48906

Andrea S Stamps, 

Petitioner, MICHIGAN TAX TRIBUNAL

 SMALL CLAIMS DIVISION

v 

 MTT Docket No. 25-003639

Unknown,

Respondent.

ORDER OF DISMISSAL

The Tribunal has reviewed the file in the above-captioned case and finds that:

Petitioner failed to protest the assessment to Respondent’s March Board of Review, as 

required by MCL 205.735a. As such, and inasmuch as the Tribunal has no equitable 

power to waive or otherwise disregard statutory filing requirements and deadlines, it has 

no authority to hear the appeal or grant the relief requested. See Sixarp, LLC v Byron 

Twp, __Mich__; __NW3d__ (2025). 

Therefore,

IT IS ORDERED that the case is DISMISSED.

This order resolves all pending issues and closes the case.

APPEAL RIGHTS

If you disagree with the final decision in this case, you may file a motion for 

reconsideration with the Tribunal or a claim of appeal with the Michigan Court of 

Appeals. 

A motion for reconsideration must be filed with the Tribunal with the required filing fee 

within 21 days from the date of entry of the final decision. Because the final decision 

closes the case, the motion cannot be filed through the Tribunal’s web-based e-filing 

system; it must be filed by mail or personal service. The fee for the filing of such 

motions is $50.00 in the Entire Tribunal and $25.00 in the Small Claims Division, unless 

the Small Claims decision relates to the valuation of property and the property had a 

principal residence exemption of at least 50% at the time the petition was filed or the 

decision relates to the grant or denial of a poverty or disabled veterans exemption and, 

if so, there is no filing fee. You are required to serve a copy of the motion on the 

opposing party by mail or personal service or by email if the opposing party agrees to 

electronic service, and proof demonstrating that service must be submitted with the 

motion. Responses to motions for reconsideration are prohibited and there are no oral 

arguments unless otherwise ordered by the Tribunal.

Page 5

MTT Docket No. 25-003639

Page 5 of 8

Alternatively, you may file a claim of appeal with the Michigan Court of Appeals. If the 

claim is filed within 21 days of the entry of the final decision, it is an “appeal of right.” If 

the claim is filed more than 21 days after the entry of the final decision, it is an “appeal 

by leave.” A copy of the claim of appeal must be filed with the Tribunal to certify the 

record on appeal. There is no

Page 6

Unknown

Page 7

S

These are text excerpts, not the complete document. Text recognition and reading order can contain errors. Check the PDF for complete wording, formatting, and context.

Read document text excerpt

Page 1

RECEIVED 

Co. AUGI82025 

MICHIGAN TAX TRIBUNAL: 

“SratE OF Vl 

GRETCHEN WHITMER 

~~ 

DEPARTMENT, oF 1 LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS: 

MARLON i ‘BROWN, DPA 

GOVERNOR 

: 

LANSING 

g 

DIRECTOR 

- 

PROPERTY TAX APPEAL PETITION FORM 

VALUATION / EXEMPTION 

/ CLASSIFICATION APPEAL 

Do not use this form to appeal Principal Residence Exemption, Qualified Agricultural Exemption, Special Assessment, or 

Non-Property tax disputes. 

Pursuant to Michigan Tax Tribunal Rule (TTR) 279, you MUST submit a copy of the notice giving rise to the appeal 

(e.g. Board of Review Decision or Notice of Uncapping) with this Small Claims Petition, if applicable. If you do not 

submit this document, you may be held in default. 

+ pn 

Section 1: Petitioner’s Contact Information 

First Name 

M.L, 

Last Name/Company Name 

ANDREA 

5. 

|"STARES 

Mailing Address (No., Street, P.O. Box or Rural Route} 

75608 

Pedm brooke De 

City or Town 

Sovynte wD 

Vie 

re 

4 £015 

Telephone Number 

24% 

_ 29 oO —5 9 q 

9 

E-mail Address (do not enter unless you want MTT to send all correspondence via e-mail) 

Section 2: Petitioner’s Attorney/Authorized Representative’s Contact Information 

First Name 

M1 

Last Name 

Firm Name (if any) 

Mailing Address (No, Street, P.O. Box or Rural Route) 

City or Town 

State 

ZIP Code 

Telephone Number 

Email Address {do not enter unless you want MTT to send alt correspondence via emai) 

Section 3: Subject Property Information 

How many 

if you are 

aling more than one parcel, are they contiguous or adjoining? 

parcelsareyou | [| ves* 

No** 

appealing? 

*if yes, use a multiple parcel form for information regarding any contiguous parcels. 

**If no, you must file separate appeals for each non-contiguous or non-adjaining parcel or you will be defaulted. 

Propery Address (No., Street, City, ST, ZIP} 

[If myitiple, list first property’s address] 

L3071¢ 

PLUM 

br eo Le 

Dri ye

Page 2

GRETCHEN WHITMER 

. 

“STATE OF MICHIGAN 

fE 

DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND REGULATORY: AFFAIRS 

GOVERNOR 

LANSING 

- 

BRR 

Section 4. Issues Being Appealed (check ait that apply) 

7 MARLON I. BROWN, DPA 

True Cash and Taxable Value 

[7 Poverty Exemption 

[J Taxable Value Only (calculation) 

[1 Disabled Veterans Exemption 

[1 uncapping of Taxable Value 

[1] 

Eligible Manufacturing Personal Property (ESA) 

[J Exemption from Taxation (other than the denial of a 

[1] Classification 

Principal Residence ar Qualified Agricultural Exemption) 

Section 5: Explain the Reason for this Appeal 

On piped Lam 

0, 

Tageartoo Hugh. 

Seas Ga Cotrpo 

Section 6: Jurisdictional Issues 

Year(s) you are appeating: 

Did you protest the assessment at a Board of Review (BOR)? [i] Yes iE 

If Yes, check which BOR you attended AND attach the BOR decision: [] March 

[1 wuly 

[J December 

If 

Mo, check the applicable reason(s): 

H Not required to attend 

Assessment Change Notice was not received by Petitioner 

[W] Appealing a purported Clerical Error ar Mutual Mistake of Fact {if yes, include explanation In Section 5) 

[ll] Appealing within 35 days of State Tax Commission Order 

Appealing within 35 days of receipt of Notice of Uncapping 3

Page 3

STA 

OF MICHIGAN. 

GRETCHEN WHITMER 

y 

DEPARTMENT OF.LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS" MARLON 1:BROWN, DPA 

GOVERNOR 

: 

LANSING 

i 

DIRECTOR 

Section 7: Valuation Information use the multiple parcel form for additional, contiguous parcels, 

Parcel Identification Number: 

9 L Bp 2 yg _ 17 

PP 

44 / — 

Ol5 

Classification of Property: 

Personal 

(check one} 

Agricultural 

Commercial 

Industrial 

Residefitial 

Timber-Cutover 

Developmental 

Utility 

(check one) 

Current Assessed Value (also known as State'Equalized Value) as established by the BOR: 

lol, 

Current Taxable Value as established hy the BOR: 

41,497 

What do you believe is the fair magket value (also known as True Cash Value)? 

0,00 

Multiply the True Cash Value by .5 and wer here. 

This is your contention of Assessed Value, 

~~ 70° 

~ 0%) 

If you belteve the Taxable Value differs fro 

Jour contention of Assessed Value, enter your contention of Taxable Value. 

Section 8: Classification Information *Only the MI Dep't of Treasury may appeal this issue to the Tribunal* 

Parcel Identification Number: 

Current Classification of Property as established by Board of Review: 

Real 

Personal 

{check one) 

0 

Agricultural 

Commercial 

Industrial 

Residential 

Timber-Cutover 

Developmental 

Utility 

(check one) 

What do you believe Is the property’s classification? 

Reat 

Personal 

(check one) 

0 

Agricultural 

Commercial 

Industrial 

Residential 

Timber-Cutover 

Developmental 

Utility 

(check one) 

If improved property, how is the property currently being used? 

if improved property, for what use was the property designed?

Page 4

GRETCHEN WHITMER 

"i 

- DEPARTMENT oF LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS. = MARLON I BROWN, DPA 

GOVERNOR 

“LANSING 

Fee Information 

J Yes 

Are you a ONLY the denial of a Poverty Exemption or Disabled Veterans Exemption? 

1 Yes 

If you answered yes to either or both of the above questions, you are not required to pay any filing fees. 

Does the subject property have a Principal Residence Exemption of at least 50% as of the date of the filing of this petition? 

Ke 

No 

The filing fee is based on the greater of the State Equalized Value or Taxable Value in contention. 

If you are appealing more than one 

parcel, the parcel with the highest State Equalized Value or Taxable Value in contention will be used to determine your filing fee, plus 

$25.00 will be added for each additional parcel being appealed, not to exceed a total filing fee of $1,000, 

If your property is residential property (see MCL 205.762) and 

the State Equalized Value or Taxable Value in contention is: 

Filing Fee is: 

$100,000.00 and under 

$125.00 

$100,000.01 to $500,000.00 

$200.00 

$Over $500,000.00 

$300.00 

If your property Is NOT residential property (see MCL. 206.762) and 

the State Equalized Value or Taxable Value in contention Is: 

Filing Fee is: 

$100,000.00 and under 

$250.00 

* Plus

Page 5

‘Andre

These are text excerpts, not the complete document. Text recognition and reading order can contain errors. Check the PDF for complete wording, formatting, and context.

SC_Notice_of_Docket_Number.2025-10-22_16-12-52.0000.pdfRead complete document text →
Read document text excerpt

Page 1

STATE OF MICHIGAN

GRETCHEN WHITMER

GOVERNOR

DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS

LANSING

MARLON I. BROWN, DPA

DIRECTOR

MICHIGAN TAX TRIBUNAL · 611 W. OTTAWA ST., LANSING, MI 48933 · 517-335-9760

PO BOX 30232, LANSING, MI 48909 · Other Carriers: 2407 N. GRAND RIVER AVE., LANSING, MI 48906

Andrea S Stamps,

Petitioner,

MICHIGAN TAX TRIBUNAL

SMALL CLAIMS DIVISION

v 

MTT Docket No. 25-003639

Unknown,

Respondent.

NOTICE OF DOCKET NUMBER

TAKE NOTICE that a Small Claims petition has been filed and the above-noted docket 

number has been assigned to that petition. The assignment of the docket number does 

not mean that the Tribunal has authority over the petition or that the petition complies 

with the Tribunal’s rules. The docket number needs to be included on all documents 

submitted in this case.

Respondent shall file an answer to the petition within 28 days of the issuance of a 

copy of this Notice to Respondent. Tribunal answer forms are available on our 

website at www.michigan.gov/taxtrib. Respondents must utilize the appropriate answer 

form. Failure to file the answer within the 28-day time frame may result in the 

placement of Respondent in default, as provided by TTR 281. Further, an electronic 

copy of the petition can be reviewed by utilizing the Docket Lookup Search on the 

Tribunal’s website.

By: __Tribunal Clerk_____

Entered: October 22, 2025

PROOF OF SERVICE

I certify that a copy of the foregoing was sent on the entry date indicated above to the 

parties or their attorneys or authorized representatives, if any, utilizing either the mailing 

or email addresses on file, as provided by those parties, attorneys, or authorized 

representatives.

By: Tribunal Clerk

Page 2

Andrea S Stamps

23075 Plumbrooke Dr

Southfield , MI 48075

Page 3

STATE OF MICHIGAN

GRETCHEN WHITMER

GOVERNOR

DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS

LANSING

MARLON I. BROWN, DPA

DIRECTOR

MICHIGAN TAX TRIBUNAL · 611 W. OTTAWA ST., LANSING, MI 48933 · 517-335-9760

PO BOX 30232, LANSING, MI 48909 · Other Carriers: 2407 N. GRAND RIVER AVE., LANSING, MI 48906

Andrea S Stamps,

Petitioner,

MICHIGAN TAX TRIBUNAL

SMALL CLAIMS DIVISION

v 

MTT Docket No. 25-003639

Unknown,

Respondent.

NOTICE OF DOCKET NUMBER

TAKE NOTICE that a Small Claims petition has been filed and the above-noted docket 

number has been assigned to that petition. The assignment of the docket number does 

not mean that the Tribunal has authority over the petition or that the petition complies 

with the Tribunal’s rules. The docket number needs to be included on all documents 

submitted in this case.

Respondent shall file an answer to the petition within 28 days of the issuance of a 

copy of this Notice to Respondent. Tribunal answer forms are available on our 

website at www.michigan.gov/taxtrib. Respondents must utilize the appropriate answer 

form. Failure to file the answer within the 28-day time frame may result in the 

placement of Respondent in default, as provided by TTR 281. Further, an electronic 

copy of the petition can be reviewed by utilizing the Docket Lookup Search on the 

Tribunal’s website.

By: __Tribunal Clerk_____

Entered: October 22, 2025

PROOF OF SERVICE

I certify that a copy of the foregoing was sent on the entry date indicated above to the 

parties or their attorneys or authorized representatives, if any, utilizing either the mailing 

or email addresses on file, as provided by those parties, attorneys, or authorized 

representatives.

By: Tribunal Clerk

Page 4

Unknown

, 

Unknown

These are text excerpts, not the complete document. Text recognition and reading order can contain errors. Check the PDF for complete wording, formatting, and context.

Read document text excerpt

Page 1

RECEIVED 

Co. AUGI82025 

MICHIGAN TAX TRIBUNAL: 

“SratE OF Vl 

GRETCHEN WHITMER 

~~ 

DEPARTMENT, oF 1 LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS: 

MARLON i ‘BROWN, DPA 

GOVERNOR 

: 

LANSING 

g 

DIRECTOR 

- 

PROPERTY TAX APPEAL PETITION FORM 

VALUATION / EXEMPTION 

/ CLASSIFICATION APPEAL 

Do not use this form to appeal Principal Residence Exemption, Qualified Agricultural Exemption, Special Assessment, or 

Non-Property tax disputes. 

Pursuant to Michigan Tax Tribunal Rule (TTR) 279, you MUST submit a copy of the notice giving rise to the appeal 

(e.g. Board of Review Decision or Notice of Uncapping) with this Small Claims Petition, if applicable. If you do not 

submit this document, you may be held in default. 

+ pn 

Section 1: Petitioner’s Contact Information 

First Name 

M.L, 

Last Name/Company Name 

ANDREA 

5. 

|"STARES 

Mailing Address (No., Street, P.O. Box or Rural Route} 

75608 

Pedm brooke De 

City or Town 

Sovynte wD 

Vie 

re 

4 £015 

Telephone Number 

24% 

_ 29 oO —5 9 q 

9 

E-mail Address (do not enter unless you want MTT to send all correspondence via e-mail) 

Section 2: Petitioner’s Attorney/Authorized Representative’s Contact Information 

First Name 

M1 

Last Name 

Firm Name (if any) 

Mailing Address (No, Street, P.O. Box or Rural Route) 

City or Town 

State 

ZIP Code 

Telephone Number 

Email Address {do not enter unless you want MTT to send alt correspondence via emai) 

Section 3: Subject Property Information 

How many 

if you are 

aling more than one parcel, are they contiguous or adjoining? 

parcelsareyou | [| ves* 

No** 

appealing? 

*if yes, use a multiple parcel form for information regarding any contiguous parcels. 

**If no, you must file separate appeals for each non-contiguous or non-adjaining parcel or you will be defaulted. 

Propery Address (No., Street, City, ST, ZIP} 

[If myitiple, list first property’s address] 

L3071¢ 

PLUM 

br eo Le 

Dri ye

Page 2

GRETCHEN WHITMER 

. 

“STATE OF MICHIGAN 

fE 

DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND REGULATORY: AFFAIRS 

GOVERNOR 

LANSING 

- 

BRR 

Section 4. Issues Being Appealed (check ait that apply) 

7 MARLON I. BROWN, DPA 

True Cash and Taxable Value 

[7 Poverty Exemption 

[J Taxable Value Only (calculation) 

[1 Disabled Veterans Exemption 

[1 uncapping of Taxable Value 

[1] 

Eligible Manufacturing Personal Property (ESA) 

[J Exemption from Taxation (other than the denial of a 

[1] Classification 

Principal Residence ar Qualified Agricultural Exemption) 

Section 5: Explain the Reason for this Appeal 

On piped Lam 

0, 

Tageartoo Hugh. 

Seas Ga Cotrpo 

Section 6: Jurisdictional Issues 

Year(s) you are appeating: 

Did you protest the assessment at a Board of Review (BOR)? [i] Yes iE 

If Yes, check which BOR you attended AND attach the BOR decision: [] March 

[1 wuly 

[J December 

If 

Mo, check the applicable reason(s): 

H Not required to attend 

Assessment Change Notice was not received by Petitioner 

[W] Appealing a purported Clerical Error ar Mutual Mistake of Fact {if yes, include explanation In Section 5) 

[ll] Appealing within 35 days of State Tax Commission Order 

Appealing within 35 days of receipt of Notice of Uncapping 3

Page 3

STA 

OF MICHIGAN. 

GRETCHEN WHITMER 

y 

DEPARTMENT OF.LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS" MARLON 1:BROWN, DPA 

GOVERNOR 

: 

LANSING 

i 

DIRECTOR 

Section 7: Valuation Information use the multiple parcel form for additional, contiguous parcels, 

Parcel Identification Number: 

9 L Bp 2 yg _ 17 

PP 

44 / — 

Ol5 

Classification of Property: 

Personal 

(check one} 

Agricultural 

Commercial 

Industrial 

Residefitial 

Timber-Cutover 

Developmental 

Utility 

(check one) 

Current Assessed Value (also known as State'Equalized Value) as established by the BOR: 

lol, 

Current Taxable Value as established hy the BOR: 

41,497 

What do you believe is the fair magket value (also known as True Cash Value)? 

0,00 

Multiply the True Cash Value by .5 and wer here. 

This is your contention of Assessed Value, 

~~ 70° 

~ 0%) 

If you belteve the Taxable Value differs fro 

Jour contention of Assessed Value, enter your contention of Taxable Value. 

Section 8: Classification Information *Only the MI Dep't of Treasury may appeal this issue to the Tribunal* 

Parcel Identification Number: 

Current Classification of Property as established by Board of Review: 

Real 

Personal 

{check one) 

0 

Agricultural 

Commercial 

Industrial 

Residential 

Timber-Cutover 

Developmental 

Utility 

(check one) 

What do you believe Is the property’s classification? 

Reat 

Personal 

(check one) 

0 

Agricultural 

Commercial 

Industrial 

Residential 

Timber-Cutover 

Developmental 

Utility 

(check one) 

If improved property, how is the property currently being used? 

if improved property, for what use was the property designed?

Page 4

GRETCHEN WHITMER 

"i 

- DEPARTMENT oF LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS. = MARLON I BROWN, DPA 

GOVERNOR 

“LANSING 

Fee Information 

J Yes 

Are you a ONLY the denial of a Poverty Exemption or Disabled Veterans Exemption? 

1 Yes 

If you answered yes to either or both of the above questions, you are not required to pay any filing fees. 

Does the subject property have a Principal Residence Exemption of at least 50% as of the date of the filing of this petition? 

Ke 

No 

The filing fee is based on the greater of the State Equalized Value or Taxable Value in contention. 

If you are appealing more than one 

parcel, the parcel with the highest State Equalized Value or Taxable Value in contention will be used to determine your filing fee, plus 

$25.00 will be added for each additional parcel being appealed, not to exceed a total filing fee of $1,000, 

If your property is residential property (see MCL 205.762) and 

the State Equalized Value or Taxable Value in contention is: 

Filing Fee is: 

$100,000.00 and under 

$125.00 

$100,000.01 to $500,000.00 

$200.00 

$Over $500,000.00 

$300.00 

If your property Is NOT residential property (see MCL. 206.762) and 

the State Equalized Value or Taxable Value in contention Is: 

Filing Fee is: 

$100,000.00 and under 

$250.00 

* Plus

Page 5

‘Andre

These are text excerpts, not the complete document. Text recognition and reading order can contain errors. Check the PDF for complete wording, formatting, and context.